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The grammar schools debate is a debate about the merits and demerits of the existence of grammar schools in the United Kingdom. Grammar schools are state schools which select their pupils on the basis of academic ability with pupils sitting an exam in the last year of primary called the 11-plus to determine whether or not they gain a place. The debate on selective education has been widened by measures introduced by the Labour government which allow a proportion of students to be chosen based on their "aptitude" for a particular subject.〔http://www.elevenplusexams.co.uk/UK_grammar_schools.php〕 == Context == A grammar school is another name for a selective school, a school that makes admissions decisions on the basis of academic ability. This is done by a locally devised exam known as the 11-plus sat by pupils entering secondary school. It is taken in second week in the September before the childs eleventh birthday. There are 163 state secondary schools in England designated by the 1997 law as able to select on entry to year 7. The ''Eleven Plus'' was created by the 1944 Butler Education Act. This established a Tripartite System of education, with an academic, a technical and a functional strand. Prevailing educational thought at the time was that testing was an effective way to discover to which strand a child was most suited. The results of the exam would be used to match a child’s secondary school to their abilities and future career needs. When the system was implemented, the technical schools did not appear on the scale envisaged. Instead, the Tripartite System came to be characterised by prestigious grammar schools and under-resourced secondary modern schools. In Kent secondary modern schools were called 'High Schools'. From the 1960s onwards both central government and local authorities began to prefer all-ability comprehensive schools, as a way of providing a better education to the 75% not selected. Education secretary, Margaret Thatcher approved the closure of more grammar schools in the 1970s than any other politician. Central government instructed local authorities to draw up plans to convert all schools to the comprehensive model in the form of two Circulars, 11/66 and 10/68. Some local authorities were determined to retain grammar schools. A handful of counties and local authorities in England have largely intact selective schools systems, including Kent, Medway, Buckinghamshire and Lincolnshire, while others such as Gloucestershire, Trafford and Slough have a mix. Kent simply planned to run a pilot scheme with four full comprehensives - and wait for the results. The circulars were withdrawn by another circular 4/79 issued by Education secretary Thatcher in 1979. Elsewhere few grammar schools survived in fully comprehensive area, such as Birmingham and Bournemouth. The Blair government in 1997 legislated to define the 167 schools that were permitted to select by ability, and forbade any other school to do so. In 2015, led by Kent County Council and Weald of Kent Grammar School there are attempts to open new grammar schools- by designating them 'annexes' to existing schools. On 15 October 2015 the first one was approved. Grammar schools are academically successful, pupils getting on average one extra grade point in the selective grammar school while the results of pupils sent to the selective secondary modern are depressed by half a grade, but this smaller disadvantage is experienced by three times as many children. Grammar schools tend to add little value because there is little remaining to add. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grammar schools debate」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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